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அறிவியல் சூத்திரங்கள்

Science Formula Explorer

19 key formulas across 3 subjects — Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Searchable, Tamil + English, printable.

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Speed

Gr 7–10Physics

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

v = d / t

How far something travels per unit of time. Unit: m/s or km/h.

ஒரு பொருள் ஒரு நேர அலகில் எவ்வளவு தூரம் பயணிக்கிறது.

Velocity & Acceleration

Gr 9–10Physics

v = u + at | s = ut + ½at² | v² = u² + 2as

Equations of motion: u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration, t = time, s = displacement.

Newton's Second Law

Gr 9–10Physics

F = m × a

Force equals mass times acceleration. Unit of force: Newton (N).

விசை = நிறை × முடுக்கம். விசையின் அலகு: நியூட்டன் (N).

Work Done

Gr 9–10Physics

W = F × d × cos θ

W = F × d (when force is in direction of motion)

Work = Force × displacement in the direction of force. Unit: Joule (J).

Power

Gr 9–10Physics

P = W / t = F × v

Power = Work done per unit time. Unit: Watt (W) = J/s.

Kinetic Energy

Gr 9–10Physics

KE = ½mv²

Energy due to motion. m = mass (kg), v = velocity (m/s).

Potential Energy (Gravitational)

Gr 9–10Physics

PE = mgh

Energy stored due to height. g ≈ 10 m/s² (or 9.8 m/s²), h = height.

Pressure

Gr 8–10Physics

P = F / A

Pressure = Force ÷ Area. Unit: Pascal (Pa) = N/m². More force or less area = more pressure.

Density

Gr 8–10Physics

ρ = m / V

Density = mass ÷ volume. Unit: kg/m³ or g/cm³. Denser objects sink in less dense fluids.

Ohm's Law

Gr 9–10Physics

V = I × R

I = V/R | R = V/I

V = Voltage (Volts), I = Current (Amperes), R = Resistance (Ohms, Ω).

Universal Gravitation

Gr 9–10Physics

F = G × (m₁ × m₂) / r²

G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg². Force between two masses decreases with distance squared.

Wave Speed

Gr 9–10Physics

v = f × λ

v = wave speed (m/s), f = frequency (Hz), λ = wavelength (m).

Mole Concept

Gr 9–10Chemistry

Moles = Mass (g) / Molar Mass (g/mol)

1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number). Molar mass is the atomic/molecular mass in grams.

pH Scale

Gr 9–10Chemistry

pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]

pH 0–6: Acid | pH 7: Neutral | pH 8–14: Base

pH measures acidity. Lower pH = more acidic. pH 7 = neutral (pure water).

pH அமிலத்தன்மையை அளக்கிறது. pH 7 = நடுநிலை (தூய்மையான நீர்).

Ideal Gas Law

Gr 10Chemistry

PV = nRT

P = pressure, V = volume, n = moles, R = 8.314 J/mol·K, T = temperature in Kelvin.

Atomic Mass & Molecular Mass

Gr 8–10Chemistry

Molecular mass = Sum of atomic masses of all atoms

Add up atomic masses of each element multiplied by how many atoms appear in the formula.

Photosynthesis

Gr 7–10Biology Concepts

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

தாவரங்கள் சூரிய ஒளியைப் பயன்படுத்தி CO₂ மற்றும் நீரை குளுக்கோஸாக மாற்றுகின்றன.

Aerobic Respiration

Gr 8–10Biology Concepts

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)

Cells break down glucose with oxygen to release energy. Opposite of photosynthesis.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Gr 8–10Biology Concepts

BMI = Weight (kg) / Height² (m²)

BMI < 18.5: Underweight | 18.5–24.9: Normal | 25–29.9: Overweight | ≥ 30: Obese

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Quick formula guide

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